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Kering
French multinational corporation

Kering S.A. is a French multinational holding company specializing in luxury goods, headquartered in Paris. It owns prestigious brands including Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent, Balenciaga, and Alexander McQueen. Founded originally as timber-trading company Pinault S.A. in 1962 by François Pinault, it was listed on Euronext Paris in 1988 and rebranded Kering in 2013. As a member of the CAC 40 since 1995, Kering is led by President and CEO François-Henri Pinault since 2005. The group reported €17.2 billion revenue in 2024.

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History

Timber (1962-1988)

Main article: François Pinault

In 1962, François Pinault opened the Établissements Pinault in Brittany (France) specialized in timber trading with a 100,000 francs loan from the bank.1 His business grew rapidly by acquiring many failing local timber operations and building its own import bridges, turning Pinault S.A. into a leading timber trader in France in the 1980s. By 1988, the group owned 180 companies and 33 factories for an annual revenue of 10 billion francs.2

Retail (1988-2013)

In 1988, Pinault S.A. was listed on the Paris Stock Exchange and started an era of growth in the retail sector through major acquisitions.3 In 1989, Pinault S.A. purchased 20% of CFAO, a French distribution conglomerate active throughout Africa. In 1990, Pinault S.A. and CFAO merged, and François Pinault became head of the newly formed group which acquired Conforama (French furniture retailer) in 1991, Printemps (department stores in France) in 1992, which also owned 54% of La Redoute (French mail-order shopping retailer), and Fnac (French bookstore, multimedia and electronics retailer) in 1994. The group was renamed Pinault-Printemps-Redoute in 1994.4

In 1999, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute purchased a controlling 42% stake of the Gucci group for $3 billion and 100% of Yves Saint Laurent.567 Those investments marked the cornerstone of the group's shift towards luxury. Through Gucci, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute acquired Boucheron in 2000,8 Bottega Veneta in 2001,9 Balenciaga in 2001,10 and signed partnerships with Alexander McQueen11 and Stella McCartney.12

In 2003, François-Henri Pinault, son of the founder François Pinault, became general manager of Artémis, the family holding company that controlled Pinault-Printemps-Redoute. In 2005, he was named president and CEO of Pinault-Printemps-Redoute,13 a year after the group had reached a 99.4% ownership of Gucci.14 The group continued acquiring luxury brands: Sowind Group (watch company owner of Girard-Perregaux)15 and Brioni (Italian tailor) in 2011,16 Pomellato Group (jewelry company owner of Pomellato and Dodo)17 and Qeelin (jewelry) in 2012,18 Christopher Kane (British fashion house)19 and Richard Ginori (porcelain) in 2013,20 Ulysse Nardin (watches) in 2014.21 The group also sold its retail assets: Le Printemps in 2006,22 Conforama in 2011,23 CFAO in 2012,24 Fnac in 2012, and La Redoute in 2013.25 PPR developed a Sport & Lifestyle portfolio with the acquisition of Puma in 2007,26 Cobra Golf in 2010,27 and Volcom in 2011,28 all of which were sold the following decade.29

Luxury (since 2013)

In March 2013, PPR changed its name to Kering.30 The leather-weaver Bottega Veneta was transformed into a "quiet luxury" icon, hitting the billion-dollar mark in sales in 2012.31 In 2014, Kering created its own eyewear production arm, Kering Eyewear, growing its revenue to 1.5 billion euros in 2023, and acquired the eyewear brands Lindberg in 202132 and Maui Jim in 2022.33 The traditional Balenciaga house was turned into a disruptive fashion house34 and Yves Saint Laurent hit the 2-billion dollar sales mark in 2019.35 However, from 2015 to 2022, the group's revenue was essentially driven by Gucci's year-on-year high performance, hitting the 10-billion dollars sales mark in 2022.36 The group divested its interests in Stella McCartney in 2018,37 Christopher Kane in 2019,38 and its entire watch division (Girard-Perregaux and Ulysse Nardin) in 2022.39

In 2023, Kering's annual results declined to 19.6 billion (-4%), mainly caused by the deceleration of Gucci's streak, a transition phase according to the group's executives.40 That same year, Kering acquired the fragrance company Creed,41 30% of the fashion house Valentino,42 and Kering Beauté was launched to manage in-house the development of beauty products for the group's brands.43 In June 2025, Kering appointed Luca de Meo as the group's new CEO beginning 15 September 15 2025, replacing François-Henri Pinault who will remain Chairman of Kering.4445

Activities

Kering's headquarters are located in the former Hopital Laennec in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. The parent holding company of Kering is Groupe Artémis. In 2024, Kering made 17.2 billion euros in revenue, and managed 47,000 employees and 1,813 stores.46

Kering fully or partially owns the following brands:

BrandAcquisition YearCountry
Gucci199947 Italy
Yves Saint Laurent199948 France
Boucheron200049 France
Bottega Veneta200150 Italy
Balenciaga200151 Spain
Alexander McQueen200152 United Kingdom
Brioni201153 Italy
Qeelin201254 China
Pomellato201255 Italy
Dodo201256 Italy
Ginori 1735

(formerly Richard Ginori)

201357 Italy
Lindberg202158 Denmark
Maui Jim202259 United States
Creed202360 United Kingdom
Valentino (30%)202361 Italy

Kering also owns Kering Eyewear (luxury eyewear production arm)62 and Kering Beauté (cosmetics division).63

Governance

Financial data

Results (in € millions)
Year20062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020232024
Sales17 93117 76120 20116 52511 00812 2279 7369 74810 03711 58412 38515 47813 665.215 883.313 100.219 56617 194
Net results6801 0589249859659861 04850528.96968141 7863 714.93 211.51 972.22 9831 133

Commitments

The Kering Foundation was created in 2008 to combat violence against women. Kering was one of the first companies to endorse the Women's Empowerment Principles of the UN Women.64 In 2015, Kering became an official partner of the Cannes Film Festival and launched the diversity program Women in Motion65 which was extended to the Rencontres d'Arles photography festival66 and the Tokyo Film Festival in 2019.67 In 2015, the group also released the environmental profit and loss account (EP&L).68 Starting in 2019, the group's foundation developed actions to combat violence against children, making it a pillar of its operations in 2023.69 Kering launched the Regenerative Fund for Nature in 2021 to finance the transition to regenerative farming practices70 and the Climate Fund for Nature in 2022 to finance nature conservation and restoration initiatives.71 In 2021, Kering announced that all of its fashion brands would phase out fur by the end of 2022.72

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kering.

References

  1. Guardian Staff (3 April 1999). "From timber merchant to corporate axeman". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 August 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3 ↩

  2. "François Pinault et sa stratégie d'entreprise : toujours se démarquer". mediaclip (in French). 21 May 1988. Retrieved 2 July 2024. https://mediaclip.ina.fr/fr/i22189013-francois-pinault-et-sa-strategie-d-entreprise-toujours-se-demarquer.html ↩

  3. Guardian Staff (3 April 1999). "From timber merchant to corporate axeman". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 August 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3 ↩

  4. Guardian Staff (3 April 1999). "From timber merchant to corporate axeman". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 August 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/apr/03/3 ↩

  5. "Gucci Group Agrees to Sell 40% Stake to French Retailer". Los Angeles Times. 20 March 1999. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-20-fi-19096-story.html ↩

  6. Sri Ramakrishnan (16 November 1999). "Gucci to Buy Parent Of Yves Saint Laurent". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1999/11/16/gucci-to-buy-parent-of-yves-saint-laurent/1971b749-2e0c-448f-86b3-57dd492b6999/ ↩

  7. "Gucci fades on court ruling". Cnn.com. 27 May 1999. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://money.cnn.com/1999/05/27/europe/gucci/ ↩

  8. "GUCCI BUYS AGAIN: DEAL FOR BOUCHERON BOOSTS JEWELRY UNIT". WWD. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://wwd.com/feature/article-1195266-1712101/ ↩

  9. "GUCCI STRIKES AGAIN: BUYS MAJORITY SHARE OF BOTTEGA VENETA". WWD. 8 February 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://wwd.com/feature/article-1176448-1729417/ ↩

  10. Finch, Julia (7 July 2001). "Gucci liked the designer so much it bought Balenciaga". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2001/jul/07/1 ↩

  11. Bellafante, Ginia (5 December 2000). "Gucci secures a deal with Alexander McQueen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/style/front-row-gucci-secures-deal-with-alexander-mcqueen-cookies-are-more-gratifying.html ↩

  12. McNeil, Peter; Riello, Giorgio (19 May 2016). Luxury: A Rich History. Oxford University Press. p. 256. ISBN 9780191640278. 9780191640278 ↩

  13. Joshua Levine (15 February 2013). "The Man Behind the Curtain". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/t-magazine/the-man-behind-the-curtain.html ↩

  14. Suzanne Kapner (23 March 2004). "PPR moves to buy last 30% of Gucci Group". Nypost.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://nypost.com/2004/03/23/ppr-moves-to-buy-last-30-of-gucci-group/ ↩

  15. "PPR becomes majority shareholder of Sowind Group". Reuters. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2024. https://www.reuters.com/article/ppr-sowind/ppr-becomes-majority-shareholder-of-sowind-group-idUSWEB833620110704/ ↩

  16. Christina Passariello (8 November 2011). "PPR Buys Menswear Brand Brioni". Wsj.com. Retrieved 24 December 2013. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204190704577026011411533018 ↩

  17. Luisa Zargani, Miles Socha (24 April 2013). "Kering Acquires Pomellato". Wwd.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/ ↩

  18. "PPR acquires majority stake in Chinese Qeelin". Fashiounited.com. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.fashionunited.com/executive/management/ppr-acquires-majority-stake-in-chinese-qeelin-20121112490803 ↩

  19. Ella Alexander (15 January 2013). "PPR Buys Majority Stake In Christopher Kane". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/christopher-kane-bought-by-ppr-majority-stake-acquisition ↩

  20. "Gucci offers to buy Richard Ginori porcelain maker for 13 million euros". Reuters. 5 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5N0CS2X7/ ↩

  21. Elizabeth Doerr (30 July 2014). "Kering (Previously PPR, Gucci Group) Acquires Ulysse Nardin". Forbes.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethdoerr/2014/07/30/kering-previously-ppr-gucci-group-acquires-ulysse-nardin/ ↩

  22. Sara Gay Forden, Jacqueline Simmons (20 June 2006). "As sales fall, PPR works to unload Printemps". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/20/business/worldbusiness/20iht-ppr.html ↩

  23. "PPR Looks to Sell Conforama". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703766704576008672183381168 ↩

  24. "Toyota Tsusho to buy PPR stake in CFAO". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-ppr/toyota-tsusho-to-buy-ppr-stake-in-cfao-idUSBRE86P09F20120726 ↩

  25. PPR says in talks to sell La Redoute by year-end https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ppr-agm/ppr-says-in-talks-to-sell-la-redoute-by-year-end-idUSBRE95H0Q420130618 ↩

  26. Joshua Levine (15 February 2013). "The Man Behind the Curtain". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/t-magazine/the-man-behind-the-curtain.html ↩

  27. "Puma acquires Cobra Golf and announces becoming Cobra-Puma Golf". Worldgolf.com. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2017. http://www.worldgolf.com/newswire/browse/62896-Puma-acquires-Cobra-Golf-and-announces-becoming-Cobra-Puma-Golf ↩

  28. Chris V. Nicholson (2 May 2011). "PPR to Buy Volcom, a Sportswear Maker". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/05/02/ppr-to-buy-sportswear-company-volcom/?_r=0 ↩

  29. Beth Wright (16 May 2018). "Kering officially spins off Puma". Just-style.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20191113121303/https://www.just-style.com/news/kering-officially-spins-off-puma_id133534.aspx ↩

  30. Jolly, David (22 March 2013). "PPR to Show Breton Roots With Rebranding as Kering". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/23/business/global/ppr-to-show-breton-roots-with-rebranding-as-kering.html ↩

  31. Zargani, Luisa (22 February 2013). "Sales, Profits Up at Bottega Veneta in 2012". WWD. Retrieved 2 July 2024. https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/sales-profits-up-at-bottega-veneta-6788889/ ↩

  32. Mira, Nicola (9 July 2021). "Kering Eyewear buys 100% stake in Danish brand Lindberg". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 30 September 2021. https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-eyewear-buys-100-stake-in-danish-brand-lindberg,1318401.html ↩

  33. "Kering Eyewear acquires Hawaiian eyewear brand Maui Jim". The Moodie Davitt Report. 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022. https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/kering-eyewear-acquires-hawaiian-eyewear-brand-maui-jim/ ↩

  34. Jess Cartner-Morley (2 October 2016). "Demna Gvasalia reinvigorates Balenciaga with strategic disrespect". Theguardian.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/oct/02/demna-gvasalia-reinvigorates-balenciaga-with-strategic-disrespect ↩

  35. Guyot, Olivier (17 February 2020). "Saint Laurent franchit la barre des 2 milliards d'euros". FashionNetwork.com (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2024. https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Saint-laurent-franchit-la-barre-des-2-milliards-d-euros,1185983.html ↩

  36. Garnier, Juliette (22 September 2023). "After undergoing intense reinvention, Gucci searches hard for a second coming". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 2 July 2024. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/09/22/after-undergoing-intense-reinvention-gucci-searches-hard-for-a-second-coming_6138507_7.html ↩

  37. Ben Stevens (29 March 2018). "Kering offloads entire stake in Stella McCartney". Retailgazette.co.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2018. https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2018/03/kering-offloads-entire-stake-stella-mccartney/ ↩

  38. Agnew, Harriet (21 June 2018). "Christopher Kane in talks to buy back brand from Kering". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2 July 2024. https://www.ft.com/content/c45cc2ca-756f-11e8-aa31-31da4279a601 ↩

  39. Sudip Kar-Gupta, Mimosa Spencer and Silke Koltrowitz, Luxury goods group Kering to sell watches division, Reuters.com, 24 January 2022 https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/luxury-goods-group-kering-sell-girard-perregaux-ulysse-nardin-divisions-2022-01-24/ ↩

  40. Danziger, Pamela N. "Trouble In The House Of Gucci: Kering Struggles To Revive The Brand's Sparkle". Forbes. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2023/10/29/trouble-in-the-house-of-gucci-kering-struggles-to-revive-the-brands-sparkle/ ↩

  41. Massoudi, Arash; Klasa, Adrienne; Abboud, Leila (9 July 2023). "Kering paid €3.5bn for fragrance company Creed". www.ft.com. Retrieved 4 September 2024. https://www.ft.com/content/79ca0a2d-4114-425c-8b35-74042838ae6f ↩

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  43. Guilbault, Laure (3 February 2023). "Kering enters beauty with new entity led by former Estée Lauder exec". Vogue Business. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/kering-enters-beauty-with-new-entity-led-by-former-estee-lauder-exec ↩

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  45. Elizabeth Paton (16 June 2025). "French Luxury Giant Kering Taps Auto Executive as Its New Leader". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2025. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/16/business/kering-leo-de-meo-renault.html ↩

  46. 2024 annual results, 11 February 2025. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/02/11/3023901/0/en/Kering-Press-release-2024-Annual-Results.html ↩

  47. "Gucci Group Agrees to Sell 40% Stake to French Retailer". Los Angeles Times. 20 March 1999. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-20-fi-19096-story.html ↩

  48. Sri Ramakrishnan (16 November 1999). "Gucci to Buy Parent Of Yves Saint Laurent". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1999/11/16/gucci-to-buy-parent-of-yves-saint-laurent/1971b749-2e0c-448f-86b3-57dd492b6999/ ↩

  49. "GUCCI BUYS AGAIN: DEAL FOR BOUCHERON BOOSTS JEWELRY UNIT". WWD. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://wwd.com/feature/article-1195266-1712101/ ↩

  50. "GUCCI STRIKES AGAIN: BUYS MAJORITY SHARE OF BOTTEGA VENETA". WWD. 8 February 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://wwd.com/feature/article-1176448-1729417/ ↩

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  52. Bellafante, Ginia (5 December 2000). "Gucci secures a deal with Alexander McQueen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/style/front-row-gucci-secures-deal-with-alexander-mcqueen-cookies-are-more-gratifying.html ↩

  53. Christina Passariello (8 November 2011). "PPR Buys Menswear Brand Brioni". Wsj.com. Retrieved 24 December 2013. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204190704577026011411533018 ↩

  54. "PPR acquires majority stake in Chinese Qeelin". Fashiounited.com. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2017. https://www.fashionunited.com/executive/management/ppr-acquires-majority-stake-in-chinese-qeelin-20121112490803 ↩

  55. Luisa Zargani, Miles Socha (24 April 2013). "Kering Acquires Pomellato". Wwd.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/ ↩

  56. Luisa Zargani, Miles Socha (24 April 2013). "Kering Acquires Pomellato". Wwd.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. http://wwd.com/accessories-news/jewelry/kering-acquires-pomellato-6906980/ ↩

  57. "Gucci offers to buy Richard Ginori porcelain maker for 13 million euros". Reuters. 5 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL5N0CS2X7/ ↩

  58. Mira, Nicola (9 July 2021). "Kering Eyewear buys 100% stake in Danish brand Lindberg". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 30 September 2021. https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-eyewear-buys-100-stake-in-danish-brand-lindberg,1318401.html ↩

  59. "Kering Eyewear acquires Hawaiian eyewear brand Maui Jim". The Moodie Davitt Report. 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022. https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/kering-eyewear-acquires-hawaiian-eyewear-brand-maui-jim/ ↩

  60. Massoudi, Arash; Klasa, Adrienne; Abboud, Leila (9 July 2023). "Kering paid €3.5bn for fragrance company Creed". www.ft.com. Retrieved 4 September 2024. https://www.ft.com/content/79ca0a2d-4114-425c-8b35-74042838ae6f ↩

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  62. Gilles, Florent (18 November 2013). "Former Safilo CEO Roberto Vedovotto joins Kering". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 25 October 2022. https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Former-safilo-ceo-roberto-vedovotto-joins-kering,369341.html ↩

  63. Guilbault, Laure (3 February 2023). "Kering enters beauty with new entity led by former Estée Lauder exec". Vogue Business. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.voguebusiness.com/beauty/kering-enters-beauty-with-new-entity-led-by-former-estee-lauder-exec ↩

  64. Wynne, Alex (3 March 2016). "Kering Partners With UN Women". WWD. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kering-partners-un-women-10377868/ ↩

  65. Keslassy, Elsa (30 March 2015). "Cannes Film Fest, Kering Launch Women in Motion". Variety. Retrieved 21 May 2024. https://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/cannes-film-fest-kering-launch-women-in-motion-1201462413/ ↩

  66. Diderich, Joelle (13 March 2019). "Kering Partners With Rencontres d'Arles Photography Festival". WWD. Retrieved 2 July 2024. https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kering-partners-with-rencontres-darles-photography-festival-women-in-motion-award-1203084114/ ↩

  67. Frater, Patrick (23 October 2019). "Kering and Tokyo Festival Bring 'Women in Motion' Talk Series to Japan". Variety. Retrieved 8 June 2024. https://variety.com/2019/film/news/kering-and-tokyo-festival-women-in-motion-talk-series-japan-1203380530/ ↩

  68. Abnett, Kate (3 May 2016). "Kering Goes Public with Sustainability Report, Revealing Progress and Pain Points". Business of Fashion. Retrieved 23 July 2024. https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/sustainability/bof-exclusive-kering-goes-public-with-sustainability-report-revealing-progress-and-pain-points/ ↩

  69. Diderich, Joelle (20 September 2023). "Kering Foundation Expands Remit to Combat Violence Against Children". WWD. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/kering-foundation-expands-scope-to-combat-violence-against-children-1235822120/ ↩

  70. "Kering launches a new regenerative fund to support leather, cotton, wool and cashmere farmers". World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.wbcsd.org/alyn7 ↩

  71. "Kering, L'Occitane Group Launch €300 Million Nature Fund". The Business of Fashion. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2024. https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/sustainability/kering-loccitane-group-launch-300-million-nature-fund/ ↩

  72. Cernansky, Rachel (24 September 2021). "Kering bans fur. Will other conglomerates follow?". Vogue Business. Retrieved 19 June 2025. https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/kering-bans-fur-will-other-conglomerates-follow ↩